Household Toxins
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The following is a list of common toxins that you will find in your home.
I recommend that if your bird is seriously sick or injured, Please see a Veterinarian. If you prolong anything, you will be risking your pets life. Use of any of these treatments is by discretion of you, the bird owner.
All information is provided by a Toxic worksheet that was given to me by my Veterinarian. I thought I would share it with others.
A list of toxins are at the bottom of the page.
| Agent | Toxic Components | Clinical Effects | Treatment |
| Bleaches & Pool Chemicals | Chlorine | Photophobia, epiphore, coughing, sneezing, hyperventilation, GI irritation or ulceration | Dilution with water or milk orally, irrigate skin with cool water, GI protectant, demulcent |
| Cleaning Agents, Accumulated Excrement | Ammonia | Respiratory tract irritation, immune suppression | Fresh air, antibiotics, supportive care |
| Combustion Exhaust (autos, furnaces) | Carbon monoxide | Somnolence, depression, cyanosis, death | Fresh air, oxygen, warmth, support |
| Denture Cleaners | Sodium perborate | Direct irritation, salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, sometimes CNS depression | Irrigate with water, GI protectant, demulcent |
| Deodorants | Aluminum Chloride, aluminum chlorhydrate | Oral irritation and necrosis, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, incoordination & nephrosis | Careful lavage of crop & proventriculus |
| Detergents (anionic) | Sulfonated or phosphorylated forms, alkaline product | Dermal irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, GI distension, usually not fatal | Lavage with water |
| Detergents (cationic) | Quaternary ammonium with alkyl or anyl substituent groups | Vomiting, depression, collapse, coma, may cause corrosive esophageal damage | Oral milk or activated charcoal. Soap for surface areas. Treat seizures & shock as needed |
| Drain Cleaners | Sodium hydroxide, Sodium hypochlorite | Caustic to skin & mucous membranes, irritation, inflammation, edema, necrosis, burns in mouth, tongue, pharynx | Flush affected area with water or milk. Do not use emetics or lavage. Treat for shock & pain |
| Fireworks | Nitrates, chlorates, mercury, antimony, copper, stontium, barium, phosphorus | Abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody feces, rapid shallow respiration, chlorates may cause methemoglobinemia | Crop or gastric lavage. Use methylene blue or ascorbic acid for methemoglobinemia. Treat for specific metal(s) ingested |
| Furniture Polish | Petroleum, hydrocarbons, mineral spirits | Early CNS depression, disorientation, necrosis, mucosal irritation, aspiration or hydrocarbon pneumonia, hepatorenal damage | Prevent aspiration pneumonia. Avoid gastric lavage or proceed with caution. Monitor & treat for pneumonia |
| Gasoline, Crude Oil | Petroleum & petroleum distillates | GI irritation, skin & feather damage, aspiration pneumonia | Wash feathers & skin with mild soap & water. Vegetable or mineral oil gavage. Antibiotics & supportive care |
| Matches | potassium chloride | Gastroenteritis, vomiting, chlorates may induce methemoglobinemia with cyanosis & hemolysis | Treat symptomatically. Use methylene blue or ascorbic acid for methemoglobinemia |
| Paint/ Varnish Removers | Benzene, methanol, toluene, acetone | Dermal irritation, depression, narcosis, pneumonia, hepatorenal damage | Prevent aspiration pneumonia. Avoid gastric lavage or proceed with caution. Monitor & treat for pneumonia. Rinse contact areas thoroughly with warm water |
| Pencils | Graphite | GI Irritation | Demulcent |
| Perfumes | Volatile oils | Local irritation of skin & mucous membranes, pneumonitis, hepatorenal damage with albuminuria, hematuria, glycosuria, excitement, ataxia, coma | if ingested, gastric or crop lavage with weak bicarbonate solution. Prevent aspiration. Demulcents. Provide plenty of ventilation |
| Pine Oil Disinfectants | pine oil 5-10%, phenols 2-6% | Gastritis, vomiting, diarrhea, followed by CNS depression, occasional mild seizures, phenols may induce nephrosis | If ingested, gastric or crop lavage with caution to prevent aspiration. Mineral oil. Monitor pulmonary & renal function. Provide fresh air if strong fumes are present. |
| Overheated Non-stick Cookware, Drip Pans, Heat Lamps, Irons, Ironing Board Covers | Polytetrafluoroethylene | Sudden death, dyspnea, depression, pulmonary hemorrhage | Fresh air or oxygen, fluids, steroids for pulmonary edema, antibiotics, supportive care |
| Poor Grade Peanuts, Peanut Waste, Moldy Grains, Corn & Corn Screenings, Moldy Cheeses, Meats | Mycotoxins: aflatoxin, ochratoxin, trichothecenes | Gastrointestinal irritation, dermal irritation, oral necrosis, secondary infections due to immunosuppression | Clean feed, antibiotics for secondary infections. Treatment as indicated for clinical syndromes |
| Rodenticides | Anticoagulants | Weakness, dyspnea, hemorrhage, petechiation, anemia | Vitamin K(2.5-5 mg/kg) IM or PO every 24 hours. minimize stress. Warfarin, treat for 10-14 days. Chlorophacinone, treat for 21-28 days. Brodifacoum, treat for 28-30 days. |
| Rodenticides | Cholecalciferol | Cause hypercalcemia & renal failure, vomiting, diarrhea, depression, anorexia, PU/PD | Activated charcoal, fluid therapy. If hypercalcemic, saline diureses, prednisolone PO2 mg/kg every 12 hours, furosemide 2-5 mg/kg every 8-12 hours, salmon calcitonin SC 4-6 IU/kg every 2-3 hours until calcium stable (mammal protocal) |
| Rubbing Alcohol or Alcohol | in Alcohol Ethyl alcohol | Impaired motor coordination, cutaneous hyperemia, vomiting, progress to peripheral vascular collapse, hypothermia | Gastric or crop lavage. monitor temperature cardiac & pulmonary function |
| Shampoo | Laurel sulfates & triethanolamine dodecyl sulfate | Ocular irritation, stimulation of mucous production, ingestion cause diarrhea | Activated charcoal or kaolin orally |
| Salt, Crackers, Chips, Prepared Foods, Salt Water, Sea Sand (as grit) | Sodium chloride | Gastrointestinal irritation, dehydration, depression, weakness, PU/PD, death | Rehydration, offer small amounts of water frequently, SQ, IV or IO fluids, supportive care |
| Styptic Pencil | Potassium aluminum sulfate | Corrosive due to release of sulfuric acid during hydrolysis of the salt, oral necrosis from chewing on pencils | Oral neutralizer such as magnesium oxide or hydroxide. Do not give bicarbonate orally for acid poisonings. |
Below are some Common toxins found in the environment and what the results can be.
| Toxins | Results |
| Alcohol | Depression, regurgitation |
| Aminoglycosides | Real tubular necrosis |
| Arsenic | Pruritus, polyuria, dyspnea, death |
| Atropine | Gastrointestinal stasis |
| Brodifacoum | Death |
| Cephaloridine | Blindness |
| Chloramphenicol | Death |
| Chlorine | Eiphora, upper respiratory signs, tachypnea |
| Chocolate | Vomiting, diarrhea, death |
| Cigarette smoke | Dermatitis, sinusitis, pneumonitis |
| copper | Anemia, weakness, death |
| Coumarin | Fatal Hemorrhage |
| Cythioate | Death |
| Diazinon | Death |
| Dihydrostreptomycin | Paralysis, death |
| Dimetridazole | Incoordination, ataxia, seizures, death |
| Fenbendazole | Depression, ataxia, mydriasis |
| Formaldehyde | Epiphora, upper respiratory signs, death |
| Gentamicin | Apnea, renal tubular necrosis, death |
| Ivermectin (propylene glycol formulation) | Weakness, death |
| Lead Arsenate | Depression, CNS signs, death |
| Levamisole | Depression, vomiting, ataxia, mydriasis, paralysis, death (hepatotoxicity) |
| Lincomycin | Death |
| Medroxyprogesterone | Lethergy, obesity, polydipsia, fatty liver |
| Mercury | Depression, hematuria, death |
| Metronidazole | Death in finches |
| Niclosamide | Death |
| Nicotine | Depression, dyspnea, coma, death |
| Nitrates | Anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, convulsions, death |
| Nitrothiazole | Death |
| Polymyxin B | Lethargy, ataxia, vomiting, death |
| Polytetrafluoroethylene gas | Dyspnea, seizures, death |
| Praziquantel | Depression, death |
| Procaine penicillin | Paralysis, death |
| Rotenone | Vomiting, ataxia, convulsions, death |
| Selenium sulfide | Death |
| Sodium chloride | Depression, PU/PD, ataxia, convulsions, death |
| Ticarcillin | Hepatotoxicity |
| Vitmain D3 | Calcification of kidneys & other organs |
| Zinc | Depression, vomiting, ataxia, death |